Decided June 5, 1950. All rights reserved. U.S. Supreme Court Cases: Study Guide & Review, Johnson v. Eisentrager: Case Brief & Summary, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Ruling of McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents. Users agree not to download, copy, modify, sell, lease, rent, reprint, or otherwise distribute these materials, or to link to these materials on another web site, without authorization of the Oklahoma Historical Society. 1149), the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. In this case, we are faced with the question whether a state may, after admitting a student to graduate instruction in its state university, afford him different treatment from other students solely because of his race. Tech: Matt Latourelle Ryan Burch Kirsten Corrao Beth Dellea Travis Eden Tate Kamish Margaret Kearney Eric Lotto Joseph Sanchez. Citing our decisions in State of Missouri ex rel. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950), was a United States Supreme Court case that prohibited racial segregation in state supported graduate or professional education. 836, 842, 92 L.Ed. WebIn McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, McLaurin argued that the Fourteenth Amendment was being violated by how they were being treated. Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. 1149, it was ruled that a state may not after having admitted a Negro student to graduate instruction in its state university afford him different treatment from other students solely because of his race. The Court concluded that the conditions under which appellant were required to receive his education deprived him of his personal and present rights to the equal protection of the laws. For the first time, the U.S. Supreme Court acknowledged that the fabric of American society was changing. Possessing a Master's Degree, he applied for admission to the University of Oklahoma in order to pursue studies and courses leading to a Doctorate in Education. State-imposed restrictions which produce such inequalities cannot be sustained. But at the very least, the state will not be depriving appellant of the opportunity to secure acceptance by his fellow students on his own merits. It further held that to the extent the Oklahoma statutes denied him admission they were unconstitutional and void. 0000071186 00000 n Pursuant to a requirement of state law, 70 Okla. Stat. As a result, the court pointed out, the plaintiff was held back in pursuit of his education, because he was unable to debate and discuss his ideas with other students and faculty, with the result that his ability to learn his chosen profession, teaching, was hampered. APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA. Learn about the court case of McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents with a summary and case brief. [3], McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents established that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited states from treating students differently on the basis of race. At that time, his application was denied, solely because of his race. Susan Cianci Salvatore (September 1, 2001), U.S. District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma, Post Office, Courthouse, and Federal Office Building, NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma, Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma, List of landmark African-American legislation, List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 339, public domain material from this U.S government document, National Historic Landmark Nomination: Bizzell Library, University of Oklahoma, Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive, Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication, College of Atmospheric and Geographic Sciences, Weitzenhoffer Family College of Fine Arts. For some time, the section of the classroom in which appellant sat was surrounded by a rail on which there was a sign stating, Reserved For Colored, but these have been removed. The case McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents began when the University of Oklahoma denied George McLaurin into its graduate program because of his race. Even though the university could no longer deny McLaurin a place in school, it tried to segregate him on campus. Held: The conditions under which appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws; and the Fourteenth Amendment precludes such differences in treatment by the State based upon race. The removal of the state restrictions will not necessarily abate individual and group predilections, prejudices and choices. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) had made segregation a standard practice in much of the American South. Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co. Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill, Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education, Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, Green v. County School Board of New Kent County, United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education, Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education. African American History: Research Guides & Websites, Global African History: Research Guides & Websites, African American Scientists and Technicians of the Manhattan Project, Envoys, Diplomatic Ministers, & Ambassadors, Foundation, Organization, and Corporate Supporters. The student filed a complaint for injunctive relief, claiming that the statute was unconstitutional because it deprived him of equal protection of the laws. On the assumption, however, that the State would follow the constitutional mandate, the court refused to grant the injunction, retaining jurisdiction of the cause with full power to issue any necessary and proper orders to secure McLaurin the equal protection of the laws. The U.S. Supreme Court was clear in its verbiage that a major part of education is the discussion and "comingling" of intellectual abilities. In 1948, McLaurin applied for admission to the doctoral program in the College of Education, directly challenging the states current segregation laws. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION ET AL, holding that a state sponsored graduate school's disparate treatment of an admitted black student based on his race violated the Equal Protection Clause. Accordingly, the high court reversed the decision of the U.S. District Court, requiring the University of Oklahoma to remove the restrictions under which McLaurin was attending the institution. Appellant's case represents, perhaps, the epitome of that need, for he is attempting to obtain an advanced degree in education, to become, by definition, a leader and trainer of others. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents helped to abolish this policy, specifically in colleges and universities. Okla. 1948) U.S. District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma - 87 F. Supp. Appellant is a Negro citizen of Oklahoma. The result is that appellant is handicapped in his pursuit of effective graduate instruction. 339 U. S. 638-642. We conclude that the conditions under which this appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws. The judgment is reversed. 851, 94 L.Ed. 638-642. The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Oklahoma Heritage Preservation Grant Program. Oklahoma. 208, and Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 1948, 332 U.S. 631, 68 S.Ct. 528. 299, 92 L.Ed. Dictionary of American Family Names Patrick Hanks 2003, 2006. Appellant filed a complaint requesting injunctive relief, alleging that the action of the school authorities and the statutes upon which their action was based were unconstitutional and deprived him [339 U.S. 637, 639] of the equal protection of the laws. Appellant, a Negro citizen of Oklahoma possessing a master's degree, was admitted to the Graduate School of the state supported University of Oklahoma as a candidate for a doctorate in education and was permitted to use the same classroom, library and cafeteria as white students. This appeal followed. Appellant is a Negro citizen of Oklahoma. This page was last edited on 18 March 2023, at 15:55. An Oklahoma law permitted Black The result is that appellant is handicapped in his pursuit of effective graduate instruction. Appellant filed a complaint requesting injunctive relief, alleging that the action of the school authorities and the statutes upon which their action was based were unconstitutional and deprived him of the equal protection of the laws. - Biography, Facts, Quotes & Accomplishments, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. McLaurin filed suit in federal court in Oklahoma City. This appeal followed. No. 851, 94 L.Ed. 1149], the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: " his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession.". This case together with Sweatt v. Painter, which was decided the same day, marked the end of the separate but equal doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson in graduate and professional education. Thus he was required to sit apart at a designated desk in an anteroom adjoining the classroom; to sit at a designated desk on the mezzanine floor of the library, but not to use the desks in the regular reading room; and to sit at a designated table and to eat at a different time from the other students in the school cafeteria. WebG.W. Such reasoning, though common in courts up to that time, was about to lose all legitimacy. We hold that under these circumstances the Fourteenth Amendment precludes differences in treatment by the state based upon race. Xi Al. Brianna has her undergraduate degree in English Education and her master's degree in Urban Education. 70 Okla. Stat. McLaurin won the right to attend the University of Oklahoma without being segregated in any way from his peers. Vinson contended that separating McLaurin from other students would hinder his ability to succeed in achieving higher education. 0000001099 00000 n In fact, as the court noted, the restrictions were designed to comply with the state statute that had required officials in institutions of higher education to treat students differently based on their races. State-imposed restrictions which produce such inequalities cannot be sustained. Appellant, having been admitted to a state-supported graduate school, must receive the same treatment at the hands of the state as students of other races. That court held that such treatment did not violate the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment and denied the motion. 0000067670 00000 n The court denied McLaurin's petition. McLaurin had to sit at a separate table in classrooms, the library, and the cafeteria. Casetext, Inc. and Casetext are not a law firm and do not provide legal advice. Klarman elaborates on the social, political, and economic factors that shaped the judicial rulings on this case, as well as the many ways in which the final (b) That appellant may still be set apart by his fellow students and may be in no better position when these restrictions are removed is irrelevant, for there is a constitutional difference between restrictions imposed by the State which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students and the refusal of students to commingle where the State presents no such bar. WebCanada, 305 U.S. 337 (1938), and Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 332 U.S. 631 (1948), a statutory three-judge District Court held that the State had a Constitutional duty to However, McLaurin appealed and his case went to the U.S. Supreme Court. To remove these conditions, appellant filed a motion to modify the order and judgment of the District Court. (2012.201.B0391.0687, Oklahoma Publishing Company Photography Collection, OHS). For some time, the section of the classroom in which appellant sat was surrounded by a rail on which there was a sign stating, "Reserved For Colored," but these have been removed. (c) Having been admitted to a state-supported graduate school, appellant must receive the same treatment at the hands of the State as students of other races. See Sweatt v. Painter, ante, p. 629. We decide only this issue; see Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629, 70 S.Ct. In none of these cases was it necessary to re- examine the doctrine to grant relief to the Negro plaintiff. WebOn January 14, 1946, the petitioner, a Negro, concededly qualified to receive the professional legal education offered by the State, applied for admission to the School of Law of the University of Oklahoma, the only institution for legal education supported and maintained by the taxpayers of the Oklahoma. [339 U.S. 637, 643]. This we think irrelevant. It is said that the separations imposed by the State in this case are in form merely nominal. No. Yes. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950), was a United States Supreme Court case that prohibited racial segregation in state supported graduate or professional education. WebIn McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, supra, the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: ". McLaurin successfully sued in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma to gain admission to the institution (87 F. Supp. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950), the Court entertained an appeal from the judgment of a three-judge District Court upholding an Oklahoma statute providing that Negroes, though admissible to white graduate schools, must get that education on a segregated basis. Footnotes But they signify that the State, in administering the facilities it affords for professional and graduate study, sets McLaurin apart from the other students. I feel like its a lifeline. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, supra [ 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. WebThe school districts appealed, claiming that the federal courts did not have jurisdiction over education, but the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ultimately upheld McCormicks decision on April 14, 1947, ruling that the schools actions violated California law. Marian W. Perry and Franklin H. Williams were also of counsel. 851, 94 L.Ed. In the McLaurin case, the U.S. Supreme Court found that the University of Oklahoma had violated the equal protection clause because the experience needed for a good education could not be accomplished by physically separating McLaurin. 851, 94 L.Ed. In that ruling, the Supreme Court ruled that it was constitutional to segregate people, as long as each group received equal protection under the law. 528; 1949 U.S. Gaines v. Canada, 305 U.S. 337 (1938), and Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 332 U.S. 631 (1948), a statutory three-judge District Court held that the State had a Constitutional duty to provide him with the education he sought as soon as it provided that education for applicants of any other group. Pursuant to a requirement of state law that the instruction of Negroes in institutions of higher education be "upon a segregated basis," however, he was assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for Negro students, was assigned to a special table in the library, and, although permitted to eat in the cafeteria at the same time as other students, was assigned to a special table there. WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents Download PDF Check Treatment Summary holding that a state sponsored graduate school's disparate treatment of an admitted black McLaurin opened the door through which other landmark cases that abolished segregation could enter. George W. McLaurin applied to the University of Oklahoma but was denied entry because he was African American. WebMcLaurin v. Okla. State Regents for Higher Educ. Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co. Sweatt v. Painter: Summary, Decision & Significance, Feiner v. New York (1951): Case Brief, Significance & Facts, Universal Camera Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board, Dennis v. United States: Summary, Significance & Decision, Stack v. Boyle (1951): Case Brief, Facts & Decision, Rochin v. California: Case Brief, Summary & Significance, Beauharnais v. Illinois: Summary & Dissent, United States v. Reynolds (1953): Summary & Dissenting Opinion, Hernandez v. 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WebThe University of Oklahoma accepted George McLaurin to its graduate program in education, but separated him from other students. 0000001634 00000 n Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. The plaintiff, George W. McLaurin, who already had a master's degree in education, was first denied admission to the University of Oklahoma to pursue a Doctorate in Education degree. Name Meaning Pitts Linda Joan 1 English: variant of Pitt .2 Americanized spelling of German Pitz . WebThis case and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. 0000006506 00000 n WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Ed., 87 F. Supp. In addition, the court ruled that, insofar as the restrictions that officials imposed on the student impaired and inhibited his ability to study and to engage in discussions and debates with other students as well as faculty, this treatment had a detrimental impact on his overall educational experience. Terms of Use About the Encyclopedia. With him on the brief was Mac Q. Williamson, Attorney General. This would set a precedent for future legal issues about segregation, including the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education a few years later. [1], The Supreme Court decided unanimously to reverse the decision of the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma. Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, Crawford v. Los Angeles Board of Education, Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell, Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. The Civil Rights Movement Begins Age 12 The civil rights movement was a movement to enforce constitutional and legal rights for African Americans that the other Americans enjoyed. At the time, an Oklahoma law made it a misdemeanor to operate, teach at, or attend an educational institution that admitted both white and black students. In this case, the Court found that the State of Oklahoma had set the plaintiff student apart from the other students. 232, 83 L.Ed. At school, he was made to sit at separate tables in his classes, the library, and the cafeteria. He is now assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for colored students; he is assigned to a table in the library on the main floor; and he is permitted to eat at the same time in the cafeteria as other students, although here again he is assigned to a special table. Those who will come under his guidance and influence must be directly affected by the education he receives. George McLaurin sued for equal protection under the 14th Amendment. 851, 94 L.Ed. 34. To read more about the impact of McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents click here. 87 F. Supp. The proceedings below are stated in the opinion. United States District Court W. D. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents is a case that was decided on June 5, 1950, by the United States Supreme Court holding that a state cannot treat a student differently on the basis of race. 0000071278 00000 n Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1, 13-14 (1948). WebMcLaurin v Oklahoma showed how the "separate but equal" provision can still be manipulated in a way that discriminates against individuals on the basis of race. 638-642. Those who will come under his guidance and influence must be directly affected by the education he receives. Research: Josh Altic Vojsava Ramaj The Supreme Court reversed the decision of the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma.[1][2]. The Justices acknowledged in their ruling that it is impossible to have a "separate yet equal" education because of the nature of education itself. 0000000836 00000 n WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents is a case that was decided on June 5, 1950, by the United States Supreme Court holding that a state cannot treat a student differently on the basis of race. (1950) 455, 456, 457. Ann. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950). The ruling in McLaurin had major ramifications for both parties and went on to set a new precedent regarding segregation, especially with how it pertained to education. Further, the Court ruled that "discrimination had no place in education." D G zmS& endstream endobj 28 0 obj<>stream 0000062723 00000 n Fred Hansen, First Assistant Attorney General of Oklahoma, argued the cause for appellees. McLaurin then appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. The case was decided on June 5, 1950. McLaurin appealed to the United States Supreme Court on the basis that he was being denied equal protection under the 14th Amendment. R(/LS S!|9Md(Bz_&zKCq(x, 2*V)Aac!:! Messrs. Amos T. Hall, Tulsa, Okl., Robert L. Carter, Washington, D.C., for appellant. On January 28, 1948, a retired black professor, George McLaurin, applied to the University of Oklahoma to pursue a Doctorate in Education. HWs* 2zjZm,Bk*y"_qc B*>.bjK\Tzk.7EWk9#@3F/]3w=# La\V&om76 BU@*F2Lb DMkLuyY)<8,!os2W 7$'X0AOq k U0k HM0O0wz,['+hQ#H pt}~es9p~(/W3&5YfqL4Q7F:6[QcsWP\~)gLBsDhjB`9L[{kNu2[/(DSm:o_zX?aEEn^)}UXR}2 wF%. Contractors of America v. Jacksonville, Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. Ann. Segregated basis is defined as classroom instruction given in separate classrooms, or at separate times. Id. University ODDEsDLf%aZ:!}]z'zb;B.MVe'}p`ZXH],VKy(x4~WPr$/~!8snJs^tdL5@0q.EtL vHe]}q|M-8-(%Ys1rC"sm,v9gs:th~ }rr^b+ENtNPt!\>\* \j s (zPxGJULk[ `C%^Tr This appeal followed. That court held that such treatment did not violate the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment and denied the motion. Pp. WebIn 1948, George McLaurin applied to the University of Oklahoma's master's degree program in education. Appellants case represents, perhaps, the epitome of that need, for he is attempting to obtain an advanced degree in education, to become, by definition, a leader and trainer of others.
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